A study was carried out to select the appropriate coatings for corrosion protection of the spiral classifier working at KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. Ore Concentration Plant. The abrasion resistance of selected protective coatings and wear-resistant linings was investigated using a DT-523 rotary abrasion tester with Taber CS-10 rubber abrasive discs. The average weight loss of the coatings after a ...Market Overview: The spiral classifier market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period from 2022 to 2030. This growth can be attributed to the increasing demand for efficient and accurate processing of materials. Spiral Classifier. In mineral processing, the Akins AKA spiral or screw Classifier has been successfully used for so many years that most mill operators are familiar with its principle and operation. This classifier embodies the simplest design, smallest number of wearing parts, and an absence of surge in the overflow.Aug 6, 2015 · To understand how these two classifiers make use of this settling action, a description of them is required. First, to have the classification happen, the slurry must be able to flow. This means the classifiers must be inclined. The working portion of these two classifiers are the RAKES or SPIRAL/screw which are placed into the flow of ore. To ... Spiral Classifier Market report also includes a pricing analysis for each type, manufacturer, region, and global price from 2018 to 2030. This information will help stakeholders make informed ...Moreover, The Global Spiral Classifier Industry research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the sector, focusing on important details like industry size, market share, and major competitors.Rake, spiral, and bowl classifiers use mechanical action to dewater, deslime or separate coarse bulk materials from finer materials or liquids. Drag classifiers consist of a chain-link conveyor or endless belt that is dragged through a solid-liquid mixture. Rake classifiers lift solid-liquid mixtures up onto a plate with a screen or rake.Shaker Tables. MBMM produces high-performance shaker tables for gravity separation based on different material densities. They are designed for maximum performance by combining the best of many proven designs, refined after many hundreds of hours of R&D. The most notable feature is from an old 1909 Deister patent: a ramp and plateau system ... The result of that the 900mm spiral classifier has the best beneficiation effect in the cases of the same grade concentrate ore. The scavenging effect of 900mm pitch spiral separator machine has the output of 3.42t/h, the productivity of 32.18%, the grade of concentrate mineral 17.46%, recovery rate 17.16%, and comprehensive efficiency of 27.74%.Apr 13, 2023 · Spiral classifier is used for material classification with spirals used to stir and convey materials according to the difference in material settling velocities. It is a kind of gravitational and hydraulic classifiers. The specification of spiral classifiers is represented by the number and diameter of spirals. These spiral classifier price types include vibrating shaker tables and alluvial washing machines, and they can be used alongside more precise separation tools. Choose from shaft tables and hydraulic tables that are equipped with hydraulics for conducting compression tests and come with distinct power capacities. Spiral Classifier 【Capacity】: 10-900t/24h 【Moto power】: 3-30Kw 【Spiral diameter】: 300mm-3000mm 【Processible Materials】: Natural sand, artificial sand, machine-made sand. 【Application】: Clean mud and water or working with ball mill to control material size. Chat Online on WhatsApp Email Us Make A Quote Advantages Product StructureAs of 2023, our analysis indicates that the global Spiral Classifier market is poised to reach USD 1399.9 million by 2028, exhibiting a steady CAGR of 3.3% from 2023 to 2028. With a focus on ...A study was carried out to select the appropriate coatings for corrosion protection of the spiral classifier working at KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. Ore Concentration Plant. The abrasion resistance of selected protective coatings and wear-resistant linings was investigated using a DT-523 rotary abrasion tester with Taber CS-10 rubber abrasive discs. The average weight loss of the coatings after a ...Spiral classifier is a mechanical classification machine based on the principle that the specific gravity of solid particles is different in the speed of precipitation in liquid. During the beneficiation process, the ore needs to be ground to a certain fineness so that the fine-grained useful minerals and gangue can be fully dissociated and ...Mar 25, 2019 · The submerged spiral classifier is suitable for fine particle classification, and the classificaiton overflow particle size is generally less than 0.15 mm. Compared with these two kinds of spiral ... Spiral classifier is used to treat alluvial placer, especially for those with high dissociation degree and flat shape of mineral monomer. Spiral classifier and ball mill generally cooperate, mostly used for mineral processing. The classifier has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable operation, convenient operation, high efficiency ... The mineral separation spiral classifier is used in the dressing plant to match with the ball mill to distribute the ore sand, or in the gravity dressing plant to classify the ore and mud. The particle size classification of the slurry in the metal beneficiation process and the desilting and dewatering of the washing Wait for homework.Jul 31, 2023 · The Submerged Spiral Classifier Market is undergoing a remarkable transformation, fueled by cutting-edge technologies and a deep commitment to meeting user needs. Companies within the industry are ... Aug 24, 2023 · Compared with these two classifiers, the hydrocyclone has a better classification effect when processing finer-grained materials (the separation particle size range is generally 0.3-0.01mm). 2. Floor area. Obviously, the footprint of the hydrocyclone is significantly smaller than that of the spiral classifier. Spiral Classifier Wet classification is the art of solid-liquid separators i.e spiral separator, separating the solid particles in a mixture of solids and liquids into fractions according to particle size or density by methods other than screening.Apr 28, 2007 · spiral classifier consists of a sloping elongated . round-bottom tank and a sand-raking spiral [46]. The raw materials are fed to the central . section of the pool and flow to the weir while . Nov 28, 2022 · High Weir Spiral Classifier, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is projected to record 2.3% CAGR and reach US$827.7 Million by the end of the analysis period. Taking into account the ... Sep 8, 2023 · Submerged Spiral Classifier Market Enigma on a Global Stage | Phenomenal Growth Outlook to 2030 Sep 8, 2023 ... Apr 28, 2007 · spiral classifier consists of a sloping elongated . round-bottom tank and a sand-raking spiral [46]. The raw materials are fed to the central . section of the pool and flow to the weir while . EIMCO-K.C.P. Spiral Classifiers are mechanically the devices are powerfully built, and functionally they are versatile and flexible. Today’s worldwide acceptance of EIMCO-K.C.P. Classifiers for washing and dewatering pulps, and in closed-circuit grinding is the result of many years of experience in solving wet classification problems.These spiral classifier price types include vibrating shaker tables and alluvial washing machines, and they can be used alongside more precise separation tools. Choose from shaft tables and hydraulic tables that are equipped with hydraulics for conducting compression tests and come with distinct power capacities.EIMCO-K.C.P. Offers Bridge mounted (B) type, Column Mounted (C) Type and Traction driven (T) type Classifiers mechanism for various applications. These operate on the common principle of moving settled solids to the center of principle of moving settled solids to the centre of the tank for removal, and differ principally in the method used to ...Spiral classifier is used to treat alluvial placer, especially for those with high dissociation degree and flat shape of mineral monomer. Spiral classifier and ball mill generally cooperate, mostly used for mineral processing. The classifier has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable operation, convenient operation, high efficiency ... Chapter 1: Submerged Spiral Classifier Market Product Definition, Product Types, Volume, and Revenue Analysis of Each Type in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, and ...Misconception 4: Fine Material Screws are recommended for cutting at a coarse sand size. Fine Material Screw Washers generally are not recommended for removing fine solids larger than 150 micron or 100 mesh. When a separation ranging from 150 to 800 micron (or 100 to 20 mesh) is required, other types of classifiers, like Hydrosizers™ (or ...Spiral classifier is one of beneficiation equipment, based on user requirements, it can be divided into single and double spiral classifier. Depend on specific gravity of solid particles, so different sedimentation velocity in a liquid principle, spiral classifier is a mechanical grading equipment. China Spiral Classifier manufacturers - Select 2023 high quality Spiral Classifier products in best price from certified Chinese Mining Equipment, Mining Machine suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China.com Sep 7, 2023 · Chapter 1: High Weir Spiral Classifier Market Product Definition, Product Types, Volume, and Revenue Analysis of Each Type in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, and ... Oct 22, 2019 · Misconception 4: Fine Material Screws are recommended for cutting at a coarse sand size. Fine Material Screw Washers generally are not recommended for removing fine solids larger than 150 micron or 100 mesh. When a separation ranging from 150 to 800 micron (or 100 to 20 mesh) is required, other types of classifiers, like Hydrosizers™ (or ... If you don't have the muscle power or time, let a spiral panning machine help you separate the gold from your concentrates and black sand much more quickly and easily. FREE SHIPPING on orders of $350 or more! To learn more about the manufacturer and use of the Desert Fox, Mountain Goat, and Pro Camel, scroll to the bottom of this page. May 26, 2016 · Spiral Classifier. In mineral processing, the Akins AKA spiral or screw Classifier has been successfully used for so many years that most mill operators are familiar with its principle and operation. This classifier embodies the simplest design, smallest number of wearing parts, and an absence of surge in the overflow. Submerged Spiral Classifier Market Enigma on a Global Stage | Phenomenal Growth Outlook to 2030 Sep 8, 2023 ... 4. Hydraulic spiral lifting device Spiral dewaterer model - SD The Metso Outotec spiral dewaterer model SD is a robust evolution of the spiral classifier for reliable operations in mill scale handling. The spiral dewaterer with special designed spiral and enlarged pool area is able to handle large flows of effluents, offering aMar 25, 2019 · The submerged spiral classifier is suitable for fine particle classification, and the classificaiton overflow particle size is generally less than 0.15 mm. Compared with these two kinds of spiral ... If you don't have the muscle power or time, let a spiral panning machine help you separate the gold from your concentrates and black sand much more quickly and easily. FREE SHIPPING on orders of $350 or more! To learn more about the manufacturer and use of the Desert Fox, Mountain Goat, and Pro Camel, scroll to the bottom of this page. Market Overview: The spiral classifier market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period from 2022 to 2030. This growth can be attributed to the increasing demand for efficient and accurate processing of materials.Walker mining produce Submerged and hig weir double spiral classifier,Submerged and High-weir double spirals classifier. Product Introduction Spiral classifier is a common beneficiation equipment. It’s widely used in concentrators and ball mills to form a closed-circuit cycle and separate ore sand, or in gravity concentrators to classify ore ...Spiral classifier is mainly composed of the driving device, the spiral body, the groove body, the lifting mechanism, the lower seat and discharge valve. The machine base adopts channel steel, the body adopts welded steel plate. Screw shaft parts use the pig iron, and wear resistance. Working Principle:Shaker Tables. MBMM produces high-performance shaker tables for gravity separation based on different material densities. They are designed for maximum performance by combining the best of many proven designs, refined after many hundreds of hours of R&D. The most notable feature is from an old 1909 Deister patent: a ramp and plateau system ...Mokup of classifier, 2 principles, 1600 mm screw diameter. Still in use in several silica sand plant: wash drain and dedusting. spiral classifier 1600 | 3D CAD Model Library | GrabCADThe 'Submerged Spiral Classifier Market' continues to adapt to shifting consumer demands and corporate needs, thus the forecast is still positive. The market is expected to experience significant ...13.5.3.4 Spiral Concentrator. The spiral concentrator is a modern high-capacity and low-cost device. It is developed for concentration of low-grade ores and industrial minerals in slurry form. It works on a combination of solid particle density and its hydrodynamic dragging properties. Spiral classifier. Spiral classifier is one of the classifying equipment in mineral processing. It is suitable for classifying materials in the mineral processing plant as well as the desliming and dehydrating in the mineral washing operating process and widely applied to separate the particles into a number of products graded according to size in the complete closed loop together with ball ...The preferential classification benefit of cyclones is further illustrated in Table 2 which compares the metallurgical results of cyclones versus spiral classifiers in a copper grinding circuit. The cyclone produced an overflow product containing more copper in the finer size ranges where it will be subject to higher recovery in flotation. Spiral classifier is composed of motor, reducer, cylindrical gear and bevel gear. 2. Spiral (left and right) It is composed of the hollow shaft, bracket, spiral blade, lining iron, etc. The hollow shaft is welded by seamless steel pipe, journal and flange. Wear-resistant life is the key in use, so the lining iron is made of wear-resistant ... Sep 5, 2023 · Chapter 1: Submerged Spiral Classifier Market Product Definition, Product Types, Volume, and Revenue Analysis of Each Type in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, and ... Spiral Screw Classifier for Sand Washing. new. Manufacturer: Gandong; Descriptions The classifier which form closed-circuit work with grinding mill in the factory need the machine which can lift grit, so this kind of classifier called mechanical classifier, actually the classifying...Mokup of classifier, 2 principles, 1600 mm screw diameter. Still in use in several silica sand plant: wash drain and dedusting. spiral classifier 1600 | 3D CAD Model Library | GrabCAD Aug 7, 2023 · The Global Spiral Classifier Market can be segmented based on various factors to gain a comprehensive understanding of its dynamics and opportunities. The segmentation allows for a more targeted ... These spiral classifier price types include vibrating shaker tables and alluvial washing machines, and they can be used alongside more precise separation tools. Choose from shaft tables and hydraulic tables that are equipped with hydraulics for conducting compression tests and come with distinct power capacities.Aug 23, 2019 · The ball mill is for grinding 0-20mm to small powder. It works together with the spiral classifier, so the overflow slurry from the classifier is about 80% 200mesh powder. The oversize particle from the classifier will go back to the ball mill grinding again, to form a closed-loop. Nov 28, 2022 · High Weir Spiral Classifier, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is projected to record 2.3% CAGR and reach US$827.7 Million by the end of the analysis period. Taking into account the ... XBM Mining is a leading global supplier of equipment and tools, service and technical solutions for the mining industry,especially specialized in ore benefic...Spiral washer is a type of sand washing machine, while spiral classifier is a mineral processing equipment. There are many similarities between spiral washers and spiral classifiers in appearance, many users can not distinguish them. In this article, will introduce 6 differences between spiral washers and spiral classifiers. 1. Different ...China Spiral Classifier manufacturers - Select 2023 high quality Spiral Classifier products in best price from certified Chinese Mining Equipment, Mining Machine suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China.com Triveni Spiral Classifiers utilize an increased for maximum torque and quiet, trouble free. lead or helix angle to form the continuous high pitch performance. Spiral for greater raking capacity. The upper main bearing is over sized for normal. Classifier service. Also this bearing and gear pivot is on.The preferential classification benefit of cyclones is further illustrated in Table 2 which compares the metallurgical results of cyclones versus spiral classifiers in a copper grinding circuit. The cyclone produced an overflow product containing more copper in the finer size ranges where it will be subject to higher recovery in flotation.Aug 6, 2015 · To understand how these two classifiers make use of this settling action, a description of them is required. First, to have the classification happen, the slurry must be able to flow. This means the classifiers must be inclined. The working portion of these two classifiers are the RAKES or SPIRAL/screw which are placed into the flow of ore. To ... Description FC and FG Series Spiral Classifier is mainly used in pre-classification and examination classification of grinding circuit in concentration plant and aggregate plant as well as desliming and dehydration in the process of sand washing. It can be classified into single spiral and double spiral according to the spiral quantity; and high weir type and sinking type according to the ...Mokup of classifier, 2 principles, 1600 mm screw diameter. Still in use in several silica sand plant: wash drain and dedusting. spiral classifier 1600 | 3D CAD Model Library | GrabCADTriveni Spiral Classifiers utilize an increased for maximum torque and quiet, trouble free. lead or helix angle to form the continuous high pitch performance. Spiral for greater raking capacity. The upper main bearing is over sized for normal. Classifier service. Also this bearing and gear pivot is on. The ball mill and spiral classifier work together, to be a close circuit grinding system, to control the materials to be grinded as you want.More details ple...The concept of spiral classifiers cathodic protection presented in this paper may become an alternative to the anti-corrosion protection methods of machinery and equipment used now at the KGHM ...If you don't have the muscle power or time, let a spiral panning machine help you separate the gold from your concentrates and black sand much more quickly and easily. FREE SHIPPING on orders of $350 or more! To learn more about the manufacturer and use of the Desert Fox, Mountain Goat, and Pro Camel, scroll to the bottom of this page.Spiral Classifier. In mineral processing, the Akins AKA spiral or screw Classifier has been successfully used for so many years that most mill operators are familiar with its principle and operation. This classifier embodies the simplest design, smallest number of wearing parts, and an absence of surge in the overflow.Oct 1, 2015 · The concept of spiral classifiers cathodic protection presented in this paper may become an alternative to the anti-corrosion protection methods of machinery and equipment used now at the KGHM ... Market Overview: The spiral classifier market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period from 2022 to 2030. This growth can be attributed to the increasing demand for efficient and accurate processing of materials.Spiral classifier is used for material classification with spirals used to stir and convey materials according to the difference in material settling velocities. It is a kind of gravitational and hydraulic classifiers. The specification of spiral classifiers is represented by the number and diameter of spirals.The preferential classification benefit of cyclones is further illustrated in Table 2 which compares the metallurgical results of cyclones versus spiral classifiers in a copper grinding circuit. The cyclone produced an overflow product containing more copper in the finer size ranges where it will be subject to higher recovery in flotation.Spiral Classifier Market report also includes a pricing analysis for each type, manufacturer, region, and global price from 2018 to 2030. This information will help stakeholders make informed ...on a slope, with interrupted rake or spiral blades to move the settled solids to a central discharge cone. Tank diameters vary from 4 to 250 ft. Tank depths at center are 2 to 3 ft for small units and up to 25 ft for larger units. Hydraulic classifiers of the sizer and super-sorter types, Figs. 7 and 8, are narrow, deep, rectangularAug 6, 2015 · The rake classifier such as the Dorr classifier consists of a rectangular tank with a sloping/inclined bottom. The tank is provided with movable rakes (reciprocating rakes). The feed in the form of a suspension (slurry) is introduced continuously near the middle of the tank. The lower end of the tank has a weir overflow (discharge weir) from ... The concept of spiral classifiers cathodic protection presented in this paper may become an alternative to the anti-corrosion protection methods of machinery and equipment used now at the KGHM ...Spiral classifier is a common classification equipment used in mineral processing plants. It has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable operation, large processing capacity, stable classification area and high classification efficiency. Below we briefly introduce its importance, working principle, application and main classification.A Spiral Classifier is a machine that is primarily used to classify the slimes (fines) from a coarser, sandy sized material. It has an inclined trough with one or two spirals revolving slowly and free from touching the sides or bottom of the tank.Mokup of classifier, 2 principles, 1600 mm screw diameter. Still in use in several silica sand plant: wash drain and dedusting. spiral classifier 1600 | 3D CAD Model Library | GrabCADEIMCO-K.C.P. Offers Bridge mounted (B) type, Column Mounted (C) Type and Traction driven (T) type Classifiers mechanism for various applications. These operate on the common principle of moving settled solids to the center of principle of moving settled solids to the centre of the tank for removal, and differ principally in the method used to ...Published Jun 28, 2023. + Follow. The market research conducted by Global High Weir Spiral Classifier Market offers an in-depth analysis of the global market, with a focus on future projections ...Classifier. The Spiral Classifier used for the study was manufactured by Nick and Paul. 2.2 Designing of Test Works Prior to test work design, visit to the oxide plant at Ghana Manganese Company (GMC) were made with the aim of getting acclimatize with the current operations at the plant. The Spiral classifier was operated in batch mode. The ball mill and spiral classifier work together, to be a close circuit grinding system, to control the materials to be grinded as you want.More details ple...Now, the common classifiers in mineral processing plant are mainly mechanical classifier and hydrocyclone. Among them,mechanical classifier can be divided into spiral classifier, rake classifier,tank classifier and other types. With the development of classification operation, rake classifier is already replaced by spiral classifier, tank ...Market Overview: The spiral classifier market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period from 2022 to 2030. This growth can be attributed to the increasing demand for efficient and accurate processing of materials.
China Spiral Classifier manufacturers - Select 2023 high quality Spiral Classifier products in best price from certified Chinese Mining Equipment, Mining Machine suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China.com. Hot milfs fuck mature blonde gigi dior filling
Lab Spiral Classifier. This Lab Spiral classifiers suitable for dewatering, medium drainage and desliming and wet and dry classifying for ore, Non-metallic materials, etc. Spiral classifier is a type of classifying equipment which realizes mechanical classification under the principle that materials settle in the liquid at different speeds due ... spiral classifier is a kind of small particles rough granding equipment. According to the difference in sedimentation rate of mineral particles and mud, the ...Spiral Classifier. In mineral processing, the Akins AKA spiral or screw Classifier has been successfully used for so many years that most mill operators are familiar with its principle and operation. This classifier embodies the simplest design, smallest number of wearing parts, and an absence of surge in the overflow.EIMCO-K.C.P. Offers Bridge mounted (B) type, Column Mounted (C) Type and Traction driven (T) type Classifiers mechanism for various applications. These operate on the common principle of moving settled solids to the center of principle of moving settled solids to the centre of the tank for removal, and differ principally in the method used to ...In the changed post COVID-19 business landscape, the global market for Spiral Classifier estimated at US$1. 1 Billion in the year 2020, is projected to reach a revised size of US$1. 3 Billion by ...Nov 28, 2022 · High Weir Spiral Classifier, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is projected to record 2.3% CAGR and reach US$827.7 Million by the end of the analysis period. Taking into account the ... Spiral classifier is a mechanical classification machine based on the principle that the specific gravity of solid particles is different in the speed of precipitation in liquid. During the beneficiation process, the ore needs to be ground to a certain fineness so that the fine-grained useful minerals and gangue can be fully dissociated and ...Aug 24, 2023 · Compared with these two classifiers, the hydrocyclone has a better classification effect when processing finer-grained materials (the separation particle size range is generally 0.3-0.01mm). 2. Floor area. Obviously, the footprint of the hydrocyclone is significantly smaller than that of the spiral classifier. Sep 29, 2017 · It is evident that no linear classifier will be able to do a good job classifying spiral data where the boundary between two classes is a curve. A simple two layer network with RELU activation on the hidden layer automatically learns the decision boundaries and achieves a 99% classification accuracy on such a data set. Spiral classifier is used to treat alluvial placer, especially for those with high dissociation degree and flat shape of mineral monomer. Spiral classifier and ball mill generally cooperate, mostly used for mineral processing. The classifier has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable operation, convenient operation, high efficiency ... The design of a McLanahan Fine Material Screw Washer provides significant advantages over other sand screws you could consider that include: Larger pool settling areas behind the feed box/baffle plate that provide higher retention of +75 micron (200 mesh) product sized solids. A machine design that has a 2.5" (65mm) gap between the screw shaft ...Spiral washer is a type of sand washing machine, while spiral classifier is a mineral processing equipment. There are many similarities between spiral washers and spiral classifiers in appearance, many users can not distinguish them. In this article, will introduce 6 differences between spiral washers and spiral classifiers. 1. Different ...The rake classifier such as the Dorr classifier consists of a rectangular tank with a sloping/inclined bottom. The tank is provided with movable rakes (reciprocating rakes). The feed in the form of a suspension (slurry) is introduced continuously near the middle of the tank. The lower end of the tank has a weir overflow (discharge weir) from ...EIMCO-K.C.P. Offers Bridge mounted (B) type, Column Mounted (C) Type and Traction driven (T) type Classifiers mechanism for various applications. These operate on the common principle of moving settled solids to the center of principle of moving settled solids to the centre of the tank for removal, and differ principally in the method used to ... Spiral Classifier. In mineral processing, the Akins AKA spiral or screw Classifier has been successfully used for so many years that most mill operators are familiar with its principle and operation. This classifier embodies the simplest design, smallest number of wearing parts, and an absence of surge in the overflow.If you don't have the muscle power or time, let a spiral panning machine help you separate the gold from your concentrates and black sand much more quickly and easily. FREE SHIPPING on orders of $350 or more! To learn more about the manufacturer and use of the Desert Fox, Mountain Goat, and Pro Camel, scroll to the bottom of this page.Spiral classifier is one of beneficiation equipment, based on user requirements, it can be divided into single and double spiral classifier. Depend on specific gravity of solid particles, so different sedimentation velocity in a liquid principle, spiral classifier is a mechanical grading equipment.Jul 31, 2023 · The Submerged Spiral Classifier Market is undergoing a remarkable transformation, fueled by cutting-edge technologies and a deep commitment to meeting user needs. Companies within the industry are ... Shaker Tables. MBMM produces high-performance shaker tables for gravity separation based on different material densities. They are designed for maximum performance by combining the best of many proven designs, refined after many hundreds of hours of R&D. The most notable feature is from an old 1909 Deister patent: a ramp and plateau system ....